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Ubuntu 14.04 CITIUS Operating System

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Ubuntu 14.04 CITIUS Operating System

Installation, maintenance and support of an Ubuntu 14.04 Operating System that has been customized for the CITIUS.

Installation in any computer connected to the CITIUS network can be requested trough https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form.

How to install additional software

Matlab and Maple

They both have their own installer. Search “install matlab” or “install Maple” in the program menu or execute the apropiate command: install-matlab_R2012a.sh, install-matlab_R2011a.sh, install-maple16.sh, install-maple17.sh.

Available software from repositories

First, check if the desired software is already in the repositories. The most reliable way of doing it is using the command line:

apt-cache search the_program_name

This will show a packet list with a small description. For a more detailed description of any of them, use:

apt-cache show the_packet_name

To install a packet, use the command:

aptdcon -i the_packet_name

To install more than one packet at the same time put their names between quotation marks:

aptdcon -i "packet_name other_packet_name"

Other interesting aptdcon options:

  • -c: Refresh the cache of available packets.
  • -u packet_name: updates a packet
  • --safe-upgrade: Update all packets
  • -r packet_name: Uninstalls a packet

Software not in repositories

If a program is not present in the configured repositories but is available in a compatible one, be it an Ubuntu official repository or a third-party one, it can be added to the configured list to make it available for all users. Request it using the https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form.

You can also compile and install from source any program if you use as prefix a directory in which you have write permissions like /home/local/user_name. Usually all programs allow specifying a custom installation prefix. Check the program documentation.

FAQ

How can I upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04

Please request it through the https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form. Specify a time and day for the upgrade. Nothing will be erased from your home (both the local and the remote) but any specific personalization stored in the system partition or any cron tasks will be lost.

Establish the session language

In Ubuntu 14.04 the session language can be stablished using the tool «Soporte de idiomas»(Language support). It can be found in the Ubuntu menu. To choose the default language for the current user drag and drop the chosen language to the top of the list. Only the Spanish, English and Galician languages are available and it is not allowed to install more.

The date and number format can be changed using the «Opcións rexionais»(Regional options) tab of this window.

Empathy does not support XMPP/Jabber accounts

The package account-plugin-jabber must be installed with

aptdcon -i account-plugin-jabber

.

Can other desktops be used, apart from Unity?

Other desktops can be installed using the Ubuntu Software Center or aptdcon. The following desktops are available:

  • GNOME Classic
    • Install the gnome-session-flashback package.
  • KDE
    • Install the escritorio-kde-minimo package for a very basic desktop.
    • Install the escritorio-kde-basico package for the basic desktop with the KDE basic applications.
    • Install the escritorio-kde-completo package for the desktop with all the available applications (be warned, they are A LOT).
  • LXDE
    • Install the lxde package.
  • I3-WM
    • Install the i3-wm, i3status and suckless-tools packages.
  • XFCE
    • Install the xfce4-session, xfce4-panel, shimmer-themes and optionally xfce4-goodies.
    • For a the fullest experience install xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin, xfce4-indicator-plugin and gtk-theme-config.

How can I install additional LATEX packages?

Any TeXLive package available in CTAN can be installed in your user home.

First install xzdec:

aptdcon -i xzdec

Then, only once, TexLive directories in your home must be initialized:

tlmgr init-usertree

After that, you can install any desired package. For example, to install pgfgantt:

tlmgr install pgfgantt

The flash plugin doesn't work in Firefox or a warning appears

First try to upgrade Flash manually. Execute the following commands in a terminal window:

aptdcon -c
aptdcon -u flashplugin-installer

If this doesn't fix the problem it is possible that the repository is out of date. Sometimes Firefox marks the Flash plugin as insecure and there is no current alternative.Then it is necessary to wait a few days for an update to appear.

Prefiro as barras de desplazamento tradicionais, ¿podo recuperalas?

Esas barras de desplazamento chámanse Overlay Scrollbars. Para cambialas polas tradicionais basta con eliminar o paquete overlay-scrollbar. Se máis adiante queres volver a usalas, podes volver a instalar o paquete.

aptdcon -r overlay-scrollbars

Problemas imprimindo documentos PDF

Algúns documentos, tras ser procesados polo lector de documentos evince, non se imprimen correctamente ou deixan a impresora atascada. Unha alternativa é utilizar o comando lp, que envía os documentos á impresora sen procesar. Se non lle pasas opcións, por defecto lp envía o documento á impresora da da túa planta e non imprime a doble cara.

lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge archivo.pdf # imprime a doble cara
lp -P 12,15,17-20 archivo.pdf # imprime solamente páxinas 12,15 e 17 a 20
lp -o number-up=4 -o fit-to-page -o number-up-layout=rltb archivo.pdf # imprime 4 páxinas por folla, de arriba a abaixo e de esquerda a dereita, escalando para ocupar o máximo posible
lp -d ctprints1  archivo.pdf # Imprime na impresora do semisótano
lpstat -a # ver a lista de impresoras dispoñibles

Unity queda atascado, ¿como podo recuperar o sistema sen reiniciar?

En algunhas configuracións, especialmente con pouca memoria de vídeo, Unity (o entorno de ventanas) pode chegar a deixar de responder. Se iso ocorre, basta con tentar executar o comando unity-reload. Podes tentar facelo pulsando Alt+F2. Se non funciona, sal a unha terminal pulsando Control+Alt+F1, fai login e executa o comando dende ahí. Unha vez executado, volve á sesión con Alt+F7.

Instalar paquetes de Ruby, Python e R no directorio home

Ruby

O comando é o seguinte:

gem install --user-install nome_paquete

Antes de facelo por vez primeira, precisas instalar ruby1.9.1-dev:

aptdcon -i ruby1.9.1-dev

Ó instalar a primeira xema recibirás un warning porque debes engadir un directorio ó PATH. Esto só debes facelo a primeira vez. Por exemplo:

WARNING:  You don't have /home/remoto/jorge.suarez/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin in your PATH,
	  gem executables will not run.

Só tes que poñelo no teu arquivo bashrc con este comando:

echo "export PATH=~/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc

Para que teña efecto na sesión actual, executa o comando entre comiñas, ou executa bash para entrar nunha nova shell, ou volver a entrar na sesión.

Python

A opción recomendada é instalar a distribución Anaconda. Esta distribución instálase nun directorio do usuario e permite ter varias instalacións con diferentes paquetes e distintas versións de cada paquete. No subdirectorio bin podes atopar todos os executables típicos de python, así coma o xestor de paquetes conda, que é máis robusto e sinxelo de usar ca pip.

Se non desexas utilizar Anaconda, podes instalar paquetes no home co seguinte comando:

pip install --install-option="--user" nome_paquete

Antes de facelo por vez primeira, precisas instalar python-dev:

aptdcon -i python-dev

R

Antes de nada, crea un directorio no teu home chamado R:

mkdir ~/R

Lanza R, e dentro executa o comando de instalación de paquetes:

R
install.packages("nome_paquete")

Ó facelo preguntarache se queres facelo en ~/R ó non poder escribir en /usr/local/lib/R. Contesta y. O directorio engadirase ó path de bibliotecas e poderás cargalas con normalidade.

Al desbloquear la pantalla después de suspender, solicita dos veces la contraseña

Esto ocurre en el escritorio por defecto (Ubuntu) al heredar la configuración desde Ubuntu 12.04. Para solucioanrlo, basta con ejecutar este comando en una terminal:

dconf reset -f /org/compiz/

Tras cerrar sesión y volver a iniciarla, el problema debería desaparecer. Tan solo se perderán algunas configuraciones avanzadas del escritorio que es muy poco probable que hayas tocado.

Ó iniciar sesión o teclado cambia a inglés automaticamente

Esto é culpa de ibus. Podes desactivar ibus se non vas a usalo (se non sabes o que é, non o estás a usar). Para facelo, vai a Preferencias » Soporte de idiomas e no desplegable de método de entrada elixe Ningún.

Se precisas ibus, podes solucionar este problema editando a configuración de ibus como explica aquí.

A firma de actas da USC non funciona

Para que a firma de actas da USC funcione, debes utilizar Firefox, e ter instalado e funcionando Java 8 de Oracle:

aptdcon -i oracle-java8-installer

En Firefox, vai a Ferramentas » Complementos, e na sección Plugins, comproba que teñas activado o Java(TM) Plug-in 11.72.2 ou superior e que teñas desactivado calquera outro complemento de java, incluíndo o Icedtea.

Abre o Oracle Java 8 Plugin Control panel executando o comando

ControlPanel

na terminal e realiza os seguintes pasos:

  1. Borra os arquivos temporais, na primeira pestaña, botón Preferencias e logo no novo diálogo, Borrar arquivos….
  2. Engade os seguintes sitios á lista de excepcións na pestaña de Seguridade:
    • https://aplicacions.usc.es/
    • https://sec-virtual.usc.es/
    • https://*.usc.es/

Despois destes pasos, accede á firma de actas. O applet de proba non funciona, pero o applet de firma real si debería funcionar correctamente.