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en:centro:servizos:ubuntu_14.04_citius [2016/05/16 12:37] – created fernando.guillen | en:centro:servizos:ubuntu_14.04_citius [2016/05/19 13:24] (current) – fernando.guillen |
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FIXME **This page is not fully translated, yet. Please help completing the translation.**\\ //(remove this paragraph once the translation is finished)// | |
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====== Ubuntu 14.04 CITIUS Operating System====== | ====== Ubuntu 14.04 CITIUS Operating System ====== |
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Installation, maintenance and support of an Ubuntu 14.04 Operating System that has been customized for the CITIUS. | Installation, maintenance and support of an Ubuntu 14.04 Operating System that has been customized for the CITIUS. |
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First, check if the desired software is already in the repositories. The most reliable way of doing it is using the command line: | First, check if the desired software is already in the repositories. The most reliable way of doing it is using the command line: |
<code>apt-cache search //program_name//</code> | <code>apt-cache search the_program_name</code> |
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This will show a packet list with a small description. For a more detailed description of any of them, use: | This will show a packet list with a small description. For a more detailed description of any of them, use: |
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<code>apt-cache show //packet_name//</code> | <code>apt-cache show the_packet_name</code> |
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To install a packet, use the command: | To install a packet, use the command: |
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<code>aptdcon -i //packet_name//</code> | <code>aptdcon -i the_packet_name</code> |
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Se desexas instalar varios paquetes a un tempo, debes entrecomillalos: | To install more than one packet at the same time put their names between quotation marks: |
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<code>aptdcon -i "nome-dun-paquete nome-doutro-paquete"</code> | <code>aptdcon -i "packet_name other_packet_name"</code> |
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Outras opcións interesantes de aptdcon son: | Other interesting aptdcon options: |
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* ''-c'': Actualiza a caché de paquetes dispoñibles | * ''-c'': Refresh the cache of available packets. |
* ''-u nome-do-paquete'': Actualiza un paquete | * ''-u packet_name'': updates a packet |
* ''<nowiki>--</nowiki>safe-upgrade'': Actualiza todos os paquetes que se poden actualizar | * ''<nowiki>--</nowiki>safe-upgrade'': Update all packets |
* ''-r nome-do-paquete'': Elimina un paquete | * ''-r packet_name'': Uninstalls a packet |
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==== Outro software ==== | ==== Software not in repositories ==== |
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Se un software non está nos repositorios, pero xa se atopa nalgún repositorio compatible, ben nos propios repositios de Ubuntu ou nalgún repositorio de terceiros, podemos engadilo ós nosos repositorios para que estean dispoñibles para todo o mundo. Nese caso, avísanos mediante o [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/enviar-incidencia|formulario de incidencias]]. | If a program is not present in the configured repositories but is available in a compatible one, be it an Ubuntu official repository or a third-party one, it can be added to the configured list to make it available for all users. Request it using the [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form]]. |
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Tamén podes compilar e instalar dende código fonte os programas ti mesmo, sempre e cando poñas como //prefix// un directorio no que poidas escribir, coma en ''/home/local/nome.de.usuario''. Normalmente, os programas permiten configurar un //prefix// de instalación personalizado. Consulta a documentación do programa. | You can also compile and install from source any program if you use as //prefix// a directory in which you have write permissions like ''/home/local/user_name''. Usually all programs allow specifying a custom installation //prefix//. Check the program documentation. |
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| ===== FAQ ===== |
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===== Preguntas frecuentes ===== | ==== How can I upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 ==== |
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==== Quero actualizar a Ubuntu 12.04 á versión 14.04 ==== | Please request it through the [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form]]. Specify a time and day for the upgrade. Nothing will be erased from your home (both the local and the remote) but any specific personalization stored in the system partition or any cron tasks will be lost. |
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Avisa no formulario de incidencias. Indica a hora e día no que desexas que se faga a actualización. Non perderás nada do home (nin local nin remoto), pero sí perderás as personalizacións específicas que poida haber no teu equipo na partición de sistema, e máis as tarefas de cron se as tiveras. | ==== Establish the session language ==== |
| In Ubuntu 14.04 the session language can be stablished using the tool «Soporte de idiomas»(Language support). It can be found in the Ubuntu menu. To choose the default language for the current user drag and drop the chosen language to the top of the list. Only the Spanish, English and Galician languages are available and it is not allowed to install more. |
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==== Establecer o idioma da sesión ==== | The date and number format can be changed using the «Opcións rexionais»(Regional options) tab of this window. |
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En Ubuntu 14.04 pódese establecer o idioma da sesión dende a ferramenta de «Soporte de idiomas». Podes atopala no menú Ubuntu. Para establecer un idioma por defecto, arrastra e solta o idioma na listaxe de idiomas instalados. Só están dispoñibles galego, castelán e inglés e non é posible instalar novos idiomas. | ==== Empathy does not support XMPP/Jabber accounts ==== |
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Tamén se pode establecer o formato de datas e números na pestaña «Opcións rexionais» desa mesma ferramenta. | The package ''account-plugin-jabber'' must be installed with <code bash>aptdcon -i account-plugin-jabber</code>. |
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==== Empathy non soporta as contas de XMPP/Jabber ==== | ==== Can other desktops be used, apart from Unity? ==== |
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Debes instalar o paquete ''account-plugin-jabber'' mediante o comando ''aptdcon -i account-plugin-jabber''. | Other desktops can be installed using the Ubuntu Software Center or aptdcon. The following desktops are available: |
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==== Podo usar outros entornos ademáis de Unity? ==== | * GNOME Classic |
| * Install the ''gnome-session-flashback'' package. |
Sí, podes instalar máis entornos a través do Centro de Software de Ubuntu ou con aptdcon. Están dispoñibles os seguintes entornos: | |
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* GNOME Clásico | |
* Instala o paquete ''gnome-session-flashback''. | |
* KDE | * KDE |
* Instala o paquete ''escritorio-kde-minimo'' se só desexas un escritorio moi básico. | * Install the ''escritorio-kde-minimo'' package for a very basic desktop. |
* Instala o paquete ''escritorio-kde-basico'' se ademáis queres aplicacións básicas de KDE. | * Install the ''escritorio-kde-basico'' package for the basic desktop with the KDE basic applications. |
* Instala o paquete ''escritorio-kde-completo'' se ademáis queres instalar todas as aplicacións de KDE dispoñibles (coidado, instala moitas aplicacións). | * Install the ''escritorio-kde-completo'' package for the desktop with all the available applications (be warned, they are A LOT). |
* LXDE | * LXDE |
* Instala o paquete ''lxde'' | * Install the ''lxde'' package. |
* I3-WM | * I3-WM |
* Instala os paquetes ''i3-wm'', ''i3status'' e ''suckless-tools''. | * Install the ''i3-wm'', ''i3status'' and ''suckless-tools'' packages. |
* XFCE | * XFCE |
* Instala os paquetes ''xfce4-session'', ''xfce4-panel'', ''shimmer-themes'' e opcionalmente ''xfce4-goodies''. | * Install the ''xfce4-session'', ''xfce4-panel'', ''shimmer-themes'' and optionally ''xfce4-goodies''. |
* Se desexas una experiencia máis completa, debes instalar ''xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin'', ''xfce4-indicator-plugin'' e ''gtk-theme-config''. | * For a the fullest experience install ''xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin'', ''xfce4-indicator-plugin'' and ''gtk-theme-config''. |
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==== Como podo instalar paquetes de LaTeX adicionais? ==== | ==== How can I install additional LATEX packages? ==== |
| Any TeXLive package available in [[http://www.ctan.org/|CTAN]] can be installed in your user home. |
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Podes instalar calquera paquete de TeXLive dispoñible en [[http://www.ctan.org/|CTAN]] no teu directorio de usuario. Primeiro debes instalar ''xzdec'': | First install ''xzdec'': |
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<code bash>aptdcon -i xzdec</code> | <code bash>aptdcon -i xzdec</code> |
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A primeira vez, debes inicializar os directorios de TeXLive no teu usuario: | Then, only once, TexLive directories in your home must be initialized: |
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<code bash>tlmgr init-usertree</code> | <code bash>tlmgr init-usertree</code> |
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Entón, instala os paquetes desexados. Por exemplo, para instalar [[http://www.ctan.org/pkg/pgfgantt|pgfgantt]]: | After that, you can install any desired package. For example, to install [[http://www.ctan.org/pkg/pgfgantt|pgfgantt]]: |
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<code>tlmgr install pgfgantt</code> | <code>tlmgr install pgfgantt</code> |
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==== Non funciona Flash en Firefox, ou aparece un aviso de seguridade ==== | ==== The flash plugin doesn't work in Firefox or a warning appears ==== |
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Primeiro, intenta actualizar manualmente o Flash. Abre unha terminal e pon os seguintes comandos: | First try to upgrade Flash manually. Execute the following commands in a terminal window: |
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<code> aptdcon -c | <code bash> |
aptdcon -u flashplugin-installer</code> | aptdcon -c |
| aptdcon -u flashplugin-installer |
| </code> |
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Se o problema persiste, é posible que o repositorio estea desactualizado. Ás veces Firefox marca o plugin de Flash coma inseguro e non hai unha alternativa actualizada, e debes esperar uns días a que apareza. Se despois duns días todo segue igual, avisa por se houbera algún outro problema. | If this doesn't fix the problem it is possible that the repository is out of date. Sometimes Firefox marks the Flash plugin as insecure and there is no current alternative.Then it is necessary to wait a few days for an update to appear. |
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==== Prefiro as barras de desplazamento tradicionais, ¿podo recuperalas? ==== | ==== I prefer the traditional scroll bars, can I have them back? ==== |
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Esas barras de desplazamento chámanse //Overlay Scrollbars//. Para cambialas polas tradicionais basta con eliminar o paquete ''overlay-scrollbar''. Se máis adiante queres volver a usalas, podes volver a instalar o paquete. | Then new scroll bars are called //Overlay Scrollbars//. To have the old ones back you need to uninstall the package ''overlay-scrollbar''. If you later change your mind, it is enough to install that packet back. |
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<code>aptdcon -r overlay-scrollbars</code> | <code>aptdcon -r overlay-scrollbars</code> |
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==== Problemas imprimindo documentos PDF ==== | ==== Problems printing PDF documents ==== |
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Algúns documentos, tras ser procesados polo lector de documentos evince, non se imprimen correctamente ou deixan a impresora atascada. Unha alternativa é utilizar o comando ''lp'', que envía os documentos á impresora sen procesar. Se non lle pasas opcións, por defecto lp envía o documento á impresora da da túa planta e non imprime a doble cara. | Some documents, after being processed by the Evince reader, don't get printed correctly or leave the printer blocked. As an alternative the command ''lp'' can be used. It sends the document to the printer unprocessed. Without options lp uses the printer in your floor and prints the document single-sided. |
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<code>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge archivo.pdf # imprime a doble cara | <code>lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge example_file.pdf # prints double-sided |
lp -P 12,15,17-20 archivo.pdf # imprime solamente páxinas 12,15 e 17 a 20 | lp -P 12,15,17-20 example_file.pdf # prints only pages 12,15 e 17 a 20 |
lp -o number-up=4 -o fit-to-page -o number-up-layout=rltb archivo.pdf # imprime 4 páxinas por folla, de arriba a abaixo e de esquerda a dereita, escalando para ocupar o máximo posible | lp -o number-up=4 -o fit-to-page -o number-up-layout=rltb example_file.pdf # prints 4 pages by sheet, top to bottom and left to right, scaling to fit the sheet size. |
lp -d ctprints1 archivo.pdf # Imprime na impresora do semisótano | lp -d ctprints1 example_file.pdf # Prints in the basement printer |
lpstat -a # ver a lista de impresoras dispoñibles</code> | lpstat -a # Show the list of available printers</code> |
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==== Unity queda atascado, ¿como podo recuperar o sistema sen reiniciar? ==== | ==== Unity hangs, ¿how can I recover the system without rebooting? ==== |
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En algunhas configuracións, especialmente con pouca memoria de vídeo, Unity (o entorno de ventanas) pode chegar a deixar de responder. Se iso ocorre, basta con tentar executar o comando ''unity-reload''. Podes tentar facelo pulsando ''Alt+F2''. Se non funciona, sal a unha terminal pulsando ''Control+Alt+F1'', fai login e executa o comando dende ahí. Unha vez executado, volve á sesión con ''Alt+F7''. | Some configurations, specifically those with low video memory, are prone to leave Unity unresponsive. In that event you can try to execute the command ''unity-reload'' by pressing ''Alt+F2''. If that doesn't work, go to a terminal by pressing ''Control+Alt+F1'', login and execute the command from there. To go back to the desktop press ''Alt+F7''. |
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==== Instalar paquetes de Ruby, Python e R no directorio home ==== | ==== Install Ruby, Python and R packets in the home directory ==== |
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=== Ruby === | === Ruby === |
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O comando é o seguinte: | <code bash>gem install --user-install packet_name</code> |
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<code bash>gem install --user-install nome_paquete</code> | Before the first time you must install ''ruby1.9.1-dev'': |
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Antes de facelo por vez primeira, precisas instalar ''ruby1.9.1-dev'': | |
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<code bash>aptdcon -i ruby1.9.1-dev</code> | <code bash>aptdcon -i ruby1.9.1-dev</code> |
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Ó instalar a primeira xema recibirás un warning porque debes engadir un directorio ó PATH. Esto só debes facelo a primeira vez. Por exemplo: | When installing the first gem a warning to add a directory to the PATH will be issued. This must only be done the first time. For example: |
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<code>WARNING: You don't have /home/remoto/jorge.suarez/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin in your PATH, | <code>WARNING: You don't have /home/remoto/jorge.suarez/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin in your PATH, |
gem executables will not run.</code> | gem executables will not run.</code> |
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Só tes que poñelo no teu arquivo ''bashrc'' con este comando: | Add the necessary export command in your ''bashrc'' file with this command: |
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<code bash>echo "export PATH=~/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc</code> | <code bash>echo "export PATH=~/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc</code> |
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Para que teña efecto na sesión actual, executa o comando entre comiñas, ou executa ''bash'' para entrar nunha nova shell, ou volver a entrar na sesión. | This change won't have any effect until you open a new session unless you execute the quoted part of the previous command or the ''bash'' command in the current session. |
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=== Python === | === Python === |
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A opción recomendada é instalar a distribución [[https://www.continuum.io/downloads#_unix|Anaconda]]. Esta distribución instálase nun directorio do usuario e permite ter varias instalacións con diferentes paquetes e distintas versións de cada paquete. No subdirectorio ''bin'' podes atopar todos os executables típicos de python, así coma o xestor de paquetes ''conda'', que é máis robusto e sinxelo de usar ca ''pip''. | The recommended option is to install the [[https://www.continuum.io/downloads#_unix|Anaconda]] distribution. The advantage of this distribution is that it works from an user directory and lets the user have different installations with different versions of each packet. In the ''bin'' subdirectory you can find all the typical python executables, as well as the ''conda'' package manager which is simpler and more robust than ''pip''. |
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Se non desexas utilizar Anaconda, podes instalar paquetes no home co seguinte comando: | If you prefer not to use Anaconda, you can still install packets with: |
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<code bash>pip install --install-option="--user" nome_paquete</code> | <code bash>pip install --install-option="--user" packet_name</code> |
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Antes de facelo por vez primeira, precisas instalar ''python-dev'': | Before doing it for the first time you need to install ''python-dev'': |
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<code bash>aptdcon -i python-dev</code> | <code bash>aptdcon -i python-dev</code> |
=== R === | === R === |
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Antes de nada, crea un directorio no teu home chamado ''R'': | Firstly create a directory called ''R'' in your home: |
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<code bash>mkdir ~/R</code> | <code bash>mkdir ~/R</code> |
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Lanza R, e dentro executa o comando de instalación de paquetes: | Run R and inside it use the packet installation command: |
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<code R>R | <code R>R |
install.packages("nome_paquete")</code> | install.packages("packet_name")</code> |
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Ó facelo preguntarache se queres facelo en ''~/R'' ó non poder escribir en ''/usr/local/lib/R''. Contesta ''y''. O directorio engadirase ó path de bibliotecas e poderás cargalas con normalidade. | You will be asked if you want to do it in ''~/R'' because ''/usr/local/lib/R'' cant be written into. Answer ''y''. The directory will be added to the library path and you will be able to load them. |
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==== Al desbloquear la pantalla después de suspender, solicita dos veces la contraseña ==== | ==== When unblocking the screen after being idle it asks twice for the password ==== |
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Esto ocurre en el escritorio por defecto (Ubuntu) al heredar la configuración desde Ubuntu 12.04. Para solucioanrlo, basta con ejecutar este comando en una terminal: | This happens in the default directory(Ubuntu) when inheriting the configuration from Ubuntu 12.04. To fix it execute this command from a terminal: |
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<code>dconf reset -f /org/compiz/</code> | <code>dconf reset -f /org/compiz/</code> |
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Tras cerrar sesión y volver a iniciarla, el problema debería desaparecer. Tan solo se perderán algunas configuraciones avanzadas del escritorio que es muy poco probable que hayas tocado. | After closing the session and logging in again the problem should be gone. |
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==== Ó iniciar sesión o teclado cambia a inglés automaticamente ==== | |
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Esto é culpa de ''ibus''. Podes desactivar ibus se non vas a usalo (se non sabes o que é, non o estás a usar). Para facelo, vai a //Preferencias// » //Soporte de idiomas// e no desplegable de método de entrada elixe //Ningún//. | |
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Se precisas ''ibus'', podes solucionar este problema editando a configuración de ibus [[http://askubuntu.com/questions/459617/keyboard-layout-isnt-kept-upon-reboot|como explica aquí]]. | |
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==== A firma de actas da USC non funciona ==== | |
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Para que a firma de actas da USC funcione, debes utilizar Firefox, e ter instalado e funcionando Java 8 de Oracle: | |
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<code>aptdcon -i oracle-java8-installer</code> | ==== After logging in the keyboard gets set to english automatically ==== |
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En Firefox, vai a //Ferramentas// » //Complementos//, e na sección Plugins, comproba que teñas activado o //Java(TM) Plug-in 11.72.2// ou superior e que teñas desactivado calquera outro complemento de java, incluíndo o //Icedtea//. | This is ''ibus'' fault. You can deactivate it if you don't plan on using it (if you don't know what ''ibus'' is then you're not using it). Go to //System settings// » //Language support// and as the keyboard input method choose //None//. |
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Abre o //Oracle Java 8 Plugin Control panel// executando o comando <code>ControlPanel</code> na terminal e realiza os seguintes pasos: | If you need to use ''ibus'' then you can fix this problem by editing its configuration [[http://askubuntu.com/questions/459617/keyboard-layout-isnt-kept-upon-reboot|as explained here]]. |
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- Borra os arquivos temporais, na primeira pestaña, botón //Preferencias// e logo no novo diálogo, //Borrar arquivos...//. | |
- Engade os seguintes sitios á lista de excepcións na pestaña de //Seguridade//: | |
* <nowiki>https://aplicacions.usc.es/</nowiki> | |
* <nowiki>https://sec-virtual.usc.es/</nowiki> | |
* <nowiki>https://*.usc.es/</nowiki> | |
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Despois destes pasos, accede á firma de actas. O applet de proba non funciona, pero o applet de firma real si debería funcionar correctamente. | |